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#crossmodal

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Public
The vOICe vision BCI 🧠🇪🇺

Eye blinks synchronize with musical beats during music listening biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/20 "Blinks robustly synchronized with beats across a range of tempi and independently of melodic cues"; #crossmodal

bioRxiv · Eye blinks synchronize with musical beats during music listeningAuditory-motor synchronization, the alignment of body movements with rhythmic patterns in music, is a universal human behavior, yet its full scope remains incompletely understood. Through four experiments with 123 young non-musicians, integrating eye-tracking, neurophysiological recordings, white matter structural imaging, and behavioral analysis, we reveal a previously unrecognized form of synchronization: spontaneous eye blinks synchronize with musical beats. Blinks robustly synchronized with beats across a range of tempi and independently of melodic cues. EEG recordings revealed a dynamic correspondence between blink timing and neural beat tracking. Individual differences in blink synchronization were linked to white matter microstructure variation in the left arcuate fasciculus, a key sensorimotor pathway. Additionally, the strength of blink synchronization reflected the modulation of dynamic auditory attention. These findings establish blink synchronization as a novel behavioral paradigm, expanding the auditory-motor synchronization repertoire and highlighting the intricate interplay between music rhythms and oculomotor activity. This discovery underscores a cross-modal active sensing mechanism, offering new insights into embodied music perception, rhythm processing, and their potential clinical applications. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.
Public *
The vOICe vision BCI 🧠🇪🇺

Visually-guided compensation of deafening-induced song deterioration frontiersin.org/journals/psych We "trained deafened birds in a behavioral task where the #spectrogram divergence score of a target syllable was computed in real-time, triggering a contingent visual stimulus based on the score"; #crossmodal #BCI #neuroscience

Spectrogram divergence software on GitHub at gitlab.switch.ch/hahnloser-son

A behavioral task to counteract deafening induced song degradation.
Public
The vOICe vision BCI 🧠🇪🇺

Cortical circuits for cross-modal generalization (in mice) biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/20 "Optogenetic sensory substitution for cross-modal generalization"; #optogenetics #crossmodal #neuroscience

bioRxiv · Cortical circuits for cross-modal generalizationAdapting goal-directed behaviors to changing sensory conditions is a fundamental aspect of intelligence. The brain uses abstract representations of the environment to generalize learned associations across sensory modalities. The circuit organization that mediates such cross-modal generalizations remains, however, unknown. Here, we demonstrate that mice can bidirectionally generalize sensorimotor task rules between touch and vision by using abstract representations of peri-personal space within the cortex. Using large-scale mapping in the dorsal cortex at single-cell resolution, we discovered multimodal neurons with congruent spatial representations within multiple associative areas of the dorsal and ventral streams. Optogenetic sensory substitution and systematic silencing of these associative areas revealed that a single area in the dorsal stream is necessary and sufficient for cross-modal generalization. Our results identify and comprehensively describe a cortical circuit organization that underlies an essential cognitive function, providing a structural and functional basis for abstract reasoning in the mammalian brain. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.
Public
The vOICe vision BCI 🧠🇪🇺

Duration adaptation depends on the perceived rather than physical duration and can be observed across sensory modalities journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.11 "duration adaptation relies on perceived duration and can occur across sensory modalities"; #crossmodal #multisensory #temporal #perception

"adapting to a subjectively matched #visual stimulus produced a significant aftereffect when the test stimulus was #auditory, indicating the existence of the cross-modal adaptation."

Public
The vOICe vision BCI 🧠🇪🇺

Hebbian #optocontrol of cross-modal disruptive reading in increasing acoustic noise in an adult with developmental coordination disorder: a case report mdpi.com/2076-3425/14/12/1208 #crossmodal #multisensory #neuroscience

MDPIHebbian Optocontrol of Cross-Modal Disruptive Reading in Increasing Acoustic Noise in an Adult with Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Case ReportAcoustic noise is known to perturb reading for good readers, including children and adults. This external acoustic noise interfering at the multimodal areas in the brain causes difficulties reducing reading and writing performances. Moreover, it is known that people with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and dyslexia have reading deficits even in the absence of acoustic noise. The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of additional acoustic noise on an adult with DCD and dyslexia. Indeed, as vision is the main source of information for the brain during reading, a noisy internal visual crowding has been observed in many cases of readers with dyslexia, as additional mirror or duplicated images of words are perceived by these observers, simultaneously with the primary images. Here, we show that when the noisy internal visual crowding and an increasing external acoustic noise are superimposed, a reading disruptive threshold at about 50 to 60 dBa of noise is reached, depending on the type of acoustic noise for a young adult with DCD and dyslexia but not for a control. More interestingly, we report that this disruptive noise threshold can be controlled by Hebbian mechanisms linked to a pulse-modulated lighting that erases the confusing internal crowding images. An improvement of 12 dBa in the disruptive threshold is then observed with two types of acoustic noises, showing the potential utility of Hebbian optocontrol in managing reading difficulties in adults with DCD and dyslexia.
Public
The vOICe vision BCI 🧠🇪🇺

Not all cross-modal responses are explained by face movements (of mice) doi.org/10.1101/2024.12.18.629 #crossmodal #multisensory

bioRxiv · Not all cross-modal responses are explained by face movementsRecent work has claimed that most apparently cross-modal responses in sensory cortex are instead caused by the face movements evoked by stimuli of the non-dominant modality. We show that visual stimuli rarely trigger face movements in awake mice; when they occur, such movements do not explain visual responses in auditory cortex; and in simultaneous recordings, face movements drove artifactual cross-modal responses in visual but not auditory cortex. Thus face movements do not broadly explain cross-modal activity across all stimulus modalities. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.
Public
The vOICe vision BCI 🧠🇪🇺

(2012) Stepwise connectivity of the modal cortex reveals the multimodal organization of the human brain jneurosci.org/content/32/31/10 "V-A results demonstrate that the posterior middle temporal gyrus" [...] "is engaged in the merging of direct connections between the visual and auditory cortex"

(2024) Reorganization of integration and segregation networks in brain-based visual impairment sciencedirect.com/science/arti #multisensory #crossmodal #neuroscience

Bimodal interconnectors between visual, somatosensory, and auditory cortices. A, B, Bimodal integration regions in the human brain were described between visual and auditory (a), visual and somatosensory (b, c) and auditory and somatosensory (d) modalities. PMTG, Posterior middle temporal gyrus; DMT+, dorsal MT+.
Public
The vOICe vision BCI 🧠🇪🇺

Onset timing of letter processing in auditory and visual sensory cortices frontiersin.org/journals/integ "timing pattern suggests that the origins of the cross-sensory activations may be in the primary sensory cortices of the opposite modality"; #crossmodal #neuroscience

FrontiersFrontiers | Onset timing of letter processing in auditory and visual sensory cortices
Public
The vOICe vision BCI 🧠🇪🇺

Visual and auditory object representations in ventral visual cortex after restoring sight in humans biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/20 #crossmodal #neuroscience

"we speculate that in higher-order visual areas cross-modal activity might facilitate - rather than interfere - with visual functional recovery after congenital blindness."

bioRxiv · Visual and auditory object representations in ventral visual cortex after restoring sight in humansVisual category-selective representations in human ventral occipital temporal cortex (VOTC) seem to emerge early in infancy. Surprisingly, the VOTC of congenitally blind humans features category-selectivity for auditory and haptic objects. Yet it has been unknown whether VOTC would show category-selective visual responses if sight were restored in congenitally blind humans. Assuming competition for synaptic space during development, cross-modal activation of VOTC as a consequence of congenital blindness might interfere with visual processing in sight-recovery individuals. To test this hypothesis, we investigated adults who had suffered a transient phase of congenital blindness due to bilateral dense cataracts before their sight was restored by cataract-removal surgery. In a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, participants watched movies of faces, scenes, body parts and other objects in the visual condition, while in the auditory condition they listened to the corresponding sounds. The most prominent group difference was the reduced face-selectivity in individuals with reversed congenital cataracts compared to age- and sex-matched normally-sighted individuals. In addition, a double dissociation was found: only sight-recovery individuals demonstrated significant decoding accuracy of visual categories based on auditory category representations in VOTC, while only normally-sighted individuals' VOTC decoded auditory categories based on visual category representations. The present results uncovered the neural mechanisms of previously observed face processing impairments in individuals with reversed congenital blindness. We suggest that lower face-selectivity in the sight recovery group might arise from selective deficits in the cortical representation of the central visual field in lower-tier visual areas. Additionally, we speculate that in higher-order visual areas cross-modal activity might facilitate - rather than interfere - with visual functional recovery after congenital blindness. ### Competing Interest Statement Job van den Hurk is a scientific director at the Scannexus MRI scanning facilities at Maastricht University. All other authors have nothing to declare.
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