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#datastructure

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Mean imputation is a straightforward method for handling missing values in numerical data, but it can significantly distort the relationships between variables.

For a detailed explanation of mean imputation, its drawbacks, and better alternatives, check out my full tutorial here: statisticsglobe.com/mean-imput

More details are available at this link: eepurl.com/gH6myT

gganimate is a powerful extension for ggplot2 that transforms static visualizations into dynamic animations. By adding a time dimension, it allows you to illustrate trends, changes, and patterns in your data more effectively.

The attached animated visualization, which I created with gganimate, showcases a ranked bar chart of the top 3 countries for each year based on inflation since 1980.

More information: statisticsglobe.com/online-cou

Visualizing gene structures in R? gggenes, an extension of ggplot2, simplifies the process of creating clear and informative gene diagrams, making genomic data easier to interpret and share.

Visualization: cran.r-project.org/web/package

Click this link for detailed information: statisticsglobe.com/online-cou

#ReleaseMonday — One of the recent (already very useful!) new package additions to #ThingUmbrella is:

thi.ng/leaky-bucket

Leaky buckets are commonly used in communication networks for rate limiting, traffic shaping and bandwidth control, but are equally useful in other domains requiring similar constraints.

A Leaky Bucket is a managed counter with an enforced maximum value (i.e. bucket capacity). The counter is incremented for each a new event to check if it can/should be processed. If the bucket capacity has already been reached, the bucket will report an overflow, which we can then handle accordingly (e.g. by dropping or queuing events). The bucket also has a configurable time interval at which the counter is decreasing (aka the "leaking" behavior) until it reaches zero again (i.e. until the bucket is empty). Altogether, this setup can be utilized to ensure both an average rate, whilst also supporting temporary bursting in a controlled fashion...

Related, I've also updated/simplified the rate limiter interceptor in thi.ng/server to utilize this new package...

thi.ng/leaky-bucketConfigurable, counter-based Leaky Bucket abstractions

I used to think that writing sophisticated R code meant using all the advanced features and chaining long functions together...

Fancy code can be fun, but clean code makes collaboration and debugging so much easier.

Stay informed on data science by joining my free newsletter. Check out this link for more details: eepurl.com/gH6myT

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In missing data imputation, it is crucial to compare the distributions of imputed values against the observed data to better understand the structure of the imputed values.

The visualization below can be generated using the following R code:

library(mice)
my_imp <- mice(boys)
densityplot(my_imp)

Take a look here for more details: statisticsglobe.com/online-wor

Avoiding text overlap in plots is essential for clarity, and R offers a great solution with the ggplot2 and ggrepel packages. By automatically repositioning labels, ggrepel keeps your plot clean and easy to interpret.

Video: youtube.com/watch?v=5lu4h_CPhi0
Website: statisticsglobe.com/avoid-over

Take a look here for more details: statisticsglobe.com/online-cou

Is there a data structure that can sensibly handle multiple hierarchical classification systems?

e.g. an Orange, in terms of phylogeny is
Plantae->Eudicot->...->Citrus->sinensis

and in terms of usefulness, is
Thing->Food->fruit->orange
(and it could have multiple parents in this taxonomy, e.g. cleaning product)

Bonus points for cool visualisations of this kind information.

In statistics, Frequentist and Bayesian approaches are two major methods of inference. While they aim to solve similar problems, they differ in their interpretation of probability and handling of uncertainty.

Frequentists interpret probability as the long-run frequency of events. Parameters (like the mean) are fixed but unknown, and inference relies on analyzing repeated samples.

Learn more: eepurl.com/gH6myT

Bring your visualizations to life with see, a dynamic R package from the easystats ecosystem that extends ggplot2 to create modern and intuitive graphics. Whether you're visualizing statistical models or exploring data, see simplifies the process and enhances the presentation of your insights.

Visualizations: github.com/easystats/see

Take a look here for more details: statisticsglobe.com/online-cou

Dimensionality reduction simplifies high-dimensional data while retaining its essential features. It’s a powerful tool for improving data analysis, visualization, and machine learning performance.

Image credit to Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensio

I've developed an in-depth course on PCA theory and its application in R programming. Check out this link for more details: statisticsglobe.com/online-cou

The Student's t-test is a crucial statistical method used to determine if there are significant differences between the means of two groups. It is widely applied in various fields to analyze small data sets, providing valuable insights when used correctly.

This visualization is based on the images of this Wikipedia article: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student%

Further details: statisticsglobe.com/online-cou

In Bayesian inference, a credible interval is a range of values within which a parameter lies with a certain probability, given the observed data and prior beliefs. The image of this post (based on this Wikipedia image: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credible) represents a 90% highest-density credible interval of a posterior probability distribution.

More details: eepurl.com/gH6myT