Exponentiation by squaring, in somewhat cryptic form, in a work by Pingala from India from over 2000 years ago: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/roots-of-unity/computation-in-service-of-poetry/
@11011110 I guess it should be the "Indian" peasant algorithm then, and not "Russian"? ;)
@tpfto But it's powering, not multiplication. (I mean, same algorithm, but that's what they were using it for.) I thought the multiplication version was ancient Egyptian, anyway.